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Hyper-V Reference Guide

Microsoft's enterprise virtualization platform for Windows Server

Hyper-V Features

Hyper-V offers enterprise-grade virtualization features designed for high availability, security, performance, and manageability. These features make it suitable for everything from development environments to mission-critical production workloads.

High Availability Features

Live Migration

Move running VMs between hosts with zero downtime.

  • Transparent to users and applications
  • Shared Nothing Live Migration
  • Simultaneous migrations supported
  • Compression and SMB options
  • Cross-version migration support

Storage Migration

Move VM storage while the VM is running.

  • No VM downtime required
  • Move to different storage types
  • Migrate between SANs
  • Consolidate storage
  • Works with Live Migration

Failover Clustering

Automatic VM failover for high availability.

  • Up to 64 cluster nodes
  • Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV)
  • Scale-Out File Server support
  • Automatic VM restart
  • Rolling cluster upgrades

Hyper-V Replica

Disaster recovery through asynchronous replication.

  • Replicate to secondary site
  • 5-minute or 15-minute RPO
  • Extended replication chain
  • Application-consistent replicas
  • Planned and unplanned failover

Security Features

Shielded Virtual Machines

Enhanced security for protecting VMs from compromised fabric administrators.

  • BitLocker encryption: Full VM disk encryption
  • Virtual TPM 2.0: Secure key storage and attestation
  • Secure Boot: Protects against rootkits and bootkits
  • Host Guardian Service (HGS): Attestation and key protection
  • Encrypted VM state: Protects memory and saved state

Credential Guard

Protects domain credentials in VMs.

  • Virtualization-based security
  • Isolates credentials
  • Prevents Pass-the-Hash attacks
  • NTLM and Kerberos protection

Guarded Fabric

Infrastructure for running shielded VMs.

  • Host attestation
  • Key protection service
  • Admin-based or TPM attestation
  • Audit and compliance

Windows Defender

Integrated antivirus and security.

  • Application Guard for VMs
  • Exploit Guard
  • Real-time protection
  • Cloud-delivered protection

Network Security

Virtual network isolation and security.

  • Private VLANs (PVLANs)
  • DHCP Guard
  • Router Guard
  • Port ACLs and mirroring

Performance Features

Feature Benefit Requirements
SR-IOV Direct NIC access, near-native network performance SR-IOV capable NIC, Gen 2 VM
RDMA (SMB Direct) High-throughput, low-latency storage access RDMA-capable NICs, Windows Server
Virtual NUMA Better memory locality for large VMs NUMA hardware, 1GB+ VM memory
Dynamic Memory Efficient memory allocation and overcommitment Supported guest OS, Integration Services
VMQ Offloads network packet processing to hardware VMQ-capable NIC
Virtual RSS Distributes network traffic across VM CPUs Multi-core VMs

Management Features

Hyper-V Manager

Built-in GUI management console for local and remote Hyper-V hosts.

  • Create and configure VMs
  • Connect to VM consoles
  • Manage virtual networks
  • Configure replication
  • Import/export VMs

PowerShell

Complete automation through cmdlets.

  • 200+ Hyper-V cmdlets
  • Script complex operations
  • Bulk VM management
  • Remote management

Windows Admin Center

Modern web-based management.

  • Browser-based interface
  • Manage clusters and hosts
  • Performance monitoring
  • Azure integration

System Center VMM

Enterprise datacenter management.

  • Multi-host management
  • Fabric management
  • Service templates
  • Self-service portals

Azure Arc

Hybrid cloud management.

  • Azure portal management
  • Policy enforcement
  • Monitoring and logging
  • Update management

Networking Features

Software Defined Networking

Programmatic network control and virtualization.

  • Network Controller
  • Virtual network overlays
  • Software Load Balancer
  • Datacenter Firewall
  • RAS Gateway

NIC Teaming

Combine multiple NICs for redundancy and bandwidth.

  • Switch Independent/Dependent
  • Active/Active or Active/Standby
  • Dynamic load balancing
  • Up to 32 NICs per team

SET (Switch Embedded Teaming)

NIC teaming in virtual switch.

  • Integrated with Hyper-V switch
  • RDMA support
  • Better than LBFO teaming
  • Required for SDN

Virtual Switch Extensions

Extensible switch architecture.

  • Capturing extensions
  • Filtering extensions
  • Forwarding extensions
  • Third-party integration

Backup and Recovery

Production Checkpoints

Application-consistent VM snapshots using VSS.

  • Windows: VSS-based snapshots
  • Linux: File system freeze/thaw
  • No performance impact after creation
  • Suitable for production workloads

Standard Checkpoints

Legacy snapshots capturing VM state at a point in time.

  • Captures memory, device, and disk state
  • Quick creation and restoration
  • Use for testing and development
  • Not recommended for production

Storage Features

Storage QoS

Control IOPS allocation to VMs.

  • Minimum and maximum IOPS
  • Prevents noisy neighbors
  • Performance guarantees
  • Centralized policies

Storage Spaces Direct

Software-defined storage with local disks.

  • No SAN required
  • Hyperconverged infrastructure
  • Automatic resilience
  • Scale-out architecture

Storage Replica

Block-level storage replication.

  • Synchronous replication
  • Asynchronous replication
  • Volume-level replication
  • Disaster recovery

Resilient File System

ReFS for better reliability.

  • Built-in corruption detection
  • Automatic repair
  • Large volume support
  • Block cloning

Linux Support

Linux Integration Services

Full support for major Linux distributions.

  • Supported Distros: RHEL, CentOS, Ubuntu, SUSE, Debian, Oracle Linux
  • Synthetic Drivers: Network, storage, video, mouse
  • Dynamic Memory: Hot-add memory support
  • Time Sync: Integrated clock synchronization
  • Backup: File system consistent backups
  • Live Migration: Full support for Linux VMs

Container Support

Windows Containers

Native container support in Hyper-V.

  • Process isolation containers
  • Hyper-V isolation containers
  • Docker and Kubernetes support
  • Windows Server Core images

Nested Virtualization

Run Hyper-V inside VMs.

  • Development and testing
  • Container host VMs
  • Lab environments
  • Azure VM support